Browsing by Author "Poyraz, Hakan"

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    Dil açısından ahlak felsefesi ve R.M. Hare
    (Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, 1995) Poyraz, Hakan; Gürsoy, Kenan
    AbstractAnalitic philosophy views philosophical activity as the analysis of linguistic and logical analysis of the words we use. They applied the problem of 'meaning' in language to the language of ethics and defined moral philosophy as a 'meta' language analyzing the meaning of moral judgements. In this context, moral philosophy can be regarded as meta ethics., that is philosophy about ethics. There are two ethical theory in parallel with the 'referance theory' of Russel and Frege; one of mem is the intuitionism of Moore and the other isthe ethical theory of Wittgenstein. İn addition to this, 'emotivism' which has been derived from the verification theory of logical positivism and 'prescriptivism1 whic has beenderived from the 'meaning and use' theory of Austin are such meta ethical theories. Hare is the forerunner of prescripti.vism.He considers the moral language in the prescriptive language. In this opinion, other prescriptive forms are imperatives and non-moral evaluative judgements. He is also the pioner of the logical evaluations of imperatives. The fundamental idea of Harian prescriptivism can be summarized as follows: When I say "X is good" I commend X by putting myself in someone else' s shoes. Than it fallows that the 194 essance of moral judgements to guide actions and concerned with recommendation. There are two formal properties such as urdversalisalisabihiy and prescMptivity. These formal properties make up the core of Hare' s meta ethics. They lead to three important truths as follows: 1. Moral judgements are prescriptive. 2. They differ from the other prescriptive judgements in terms of being universalizable. 3. The possibility of logical relations in the moral discussions makes morals as a rational procedure. Hare supports the theses in Language of Morals with an utilitarian argument in the Freedom of Reason and he develops a normative theory as an addition to his meta ethics in Moral Thinking. This novel theory divides his moral thinking into two as intuitive and critical moral thinking. Intuitive moral thinking is concerned with 'rule utilitarianism' and critical moral thinking is concerned with 'act utüitarianism'. The level of intuitive moral thinking is represented as pole, and critical moral thinking is represented as arhangel.