Cilt:25 Sayı:01 (2019)

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Effect of Sowing Date and Humic Acid Foliar Application on Yield and Yield Components of Canola Cultivars
(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2019-03-13) BAREKAT, Fatemeh; HERVAN, Eslam Majide; SHİRANİ RAD, Amir Hossein; MOHAMADİ, Ghorban Noor; Ziraat Fakültesi
In order to investigate the effects of different sowing dates and humic acid foliar application on some agronomic traits of six canola cultivars a two-year experiment was carried out in 2015 and 2016 growing seasons. The experiments were laid out in a randomized complete block design arranged in factorial split plot with three replicates. The factorial combination of three sowing dates (7th, 17th and 27th October) and two humic acid levels (0 and 0.2%) were allocated to the main plots and six canola cultivars (HW118, WPN6, HL3721, L14, Tassilo and Natali) were randomized in subplots. The results indicated that the main effects of experimental factors were significant on all studied traits, except for harvest index. Interaction between sowing date and cultivar was also significant on all traits except for branch number and harvest index. In general, early seed sowing caused the highest yield and yield component as well as oil percentage and yield. Similarly, humic acid foliar application could increase agronomic traits in canola cultivars. In sum, early seed sowing and humic acid foliar application are highly recommended in canola production.
Inheritance of Indehiscent Capsule Character, Heritability and Genetic Advance Analyses in the Segregation Generations of Dehiscent x Indehiscent Capsules in Sesame
(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2019-03-13) Yol, Engin; Uzun, Bülent; Ziraat Fakültesi
The investigation was made to estimate heritability and genetic advance and thus understand the genetic behavior of indehiscent capsule character in sesame with the field experiments during three consecutive years. Muganli-57 (♀) parent with dehiscent capsule was crossed with ACS 344 (♂), an introduction material, which had indehiscent capsule character. The results in the F1 generation indicated that dehiscent capsule character was dominant over indehiscent capsule. In F2, 3:1 segregation ratio was monitored and further confirmed in F3 showing indehiscent capsule character was controlled by a single recessive gene. Heritability was estimated by parent-offspring regression and the data were collected in F1, F2 and F3 generations derived from the cross between dehiscent and indehiscent capsule types. Heritability estimates in narrow sense for number of branches, number of capsules per plant, 1000 seed weight and seed yield were low in indehiscent capsule types of F2. Genetic advance had also low values except for number of branches (30.79%). Whilst low values obtained for indehiscent capsule, dehiscent capsule types in F2 indicated high heritability for the characters studied (70.52-92.84%). Stem height to the first capsule and plant height were of high heritabilities in both capsule types of F2 and F3. Although indehiscent capsule types had low means and heritabilities due to pleiotropic effects, mutant cross had heterotic effect on dehiscent types for all the characters. This positive shift could be explained by additive gene effect and this information presented in this investigation was therefore highly beneficial for the genetic improvement of sesame and reaching to high yielding types. This research also provides an example that bad parent may have a good progeny. C
Activity Guided Isolation of Nematicidal Constituents from the Roots of Berberis brevissima Jafri and Berberis parkeriana Schneid
(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2019-03-13) Ali, Saqib; Naz, İshrat; ALAMZEB, Muhammad; URRASHİD, Mamoon; Ziraat Fakültesi
Biological screening of different parts of the selected Berberis species (B. brevissima Jafri and B. parkeriana Schneid) showed that methanolic root extract possessed significant efficacy against Meloidogyne javanica (a root knot nematode). From root methanolic extracts of selected Berberis species four isoquinoline alkaloids; jatrorrhizine, dehydrocheilnthifoline, berberine and berberrubine were isolated. Structures of the isolated compounds were determined by using EIMS, 1H and 13C NMR, and other 2D spectroscopic techniques. Percentage juveniles mortality of M. javanica was determined at various concentrations (100, 200 and 300 µg mL-1) using carbofuran as control. Berberine possessed the highest nematicidal activity (71.33%) followed by jatrorrhizine (59.50%). The in vitro results suggested that these compounds from Berberis species could be potential novel nematicides against M. javanica.
An Approach to Color Change and Quality Relation in Roughages
(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2019-03-13) İnce, Ahmet; Vurarak, Yasemin; Ziraat Fakültesi
In this work, it was aimed to associate CIELAB Scale (L*, a*, b*) with some quality parameters of roughages such as pH, crude protein (CP) and relative feed value (RFV). To this end, five different applications; haylages unwrapped on 25th, 40th and 55th days of fermentation, traditional silage unwrapped 55th days of fermentation and degraded haylage were examined for vetch-triticale (Vicia sativa L. - Triticasecale wittmack) and caramba-berseem clover (Lolium multiflorum cv Caramba-Trifolium alexandrinum L.) mixtures in the study. The tests were conducted according to randomized block design with three replications for both forage mixtures. The ΔL and Δb color values and pH, CP, RFV were significantly correlated in the vetch-triticale mixture. The regression coefficients (R2) for ΔL and Δb were 0.68 and 0.79 for pH, 0.40 and 0.38 for CP, 0.63 and 0.70 for RFV, respectively. In the mixture of the caramba - berseem clover, the regression coefficients for ΔL and Δb were found to be 0.64 and 0.85 for pH, 0.14 and 0.12 for CP, 0.28 and 0.37 for RFV respectively. In both mixtures, the level of relation between Δa* color value and quality parameters remained very low. Also, it was obtained that the best roughage in terms of RFV was haylages opened after 55th days. Decreasing the L*, b* color values by 50% on average after fermentation can be regarded as an indication of roughage degradation and RFV reduction. From this point view, it can be possible to determine the quality change by following the colors before and after fermentation of roughage.
Use of Principal Coordinate Analysis for Measuring GE Interactions in Rain-Fed Durum Wheat Genotypes
(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2019-03-13) Asghari, Ali; Karimizadeh, Rahmatollah; Chinipardaz, Rahim; Ziraat Fakültesi
Genotype × environment interactions complicate selection of superior genotypes for narrow and wide adaptation. Multienvironment yield trials of twenty durum wheat genotypes were conducted at five locations of Iran (Gachsaran, Gonbad, Moghan, Ilam and Khorram abad) over four years (2009-2013). Combined ANOVA of yield data of the twenty environments (year/location combined) revealed highly significant differences among genotypes and environments as well as significant genotype-environment interaction indicated differential performance of genotypes over test environments. The GE interaction was examined using multivariate analysis technique as principal coordinate analysis (PCOA). According to grand means and total mean yield, test environments were grouped into two main groups as high mean yield (H) and low mean yield (L). There were eleven H test environments and nine L test environments which analyzed in the sequential cycles. For each cycle, both scatter point diagram and minimum spanning tree plot were drawn. The identified most stable genotypes with dynamic stability concept and based on the minimum spanning tree plots and centroid distances were G12 (3342 kg ha-1), G10 (3470.3 kg ha-1), G5 (3203.0 kg ha-1), and G1 (3263.5 kg ha-1), and therefore could be recommended for unfavorable or poor conditions. Genotypes G10 (3470.3 kg ha-1) and G9 (3404.2 kg ha-1) were located several times in the vertex positions of high cycles according to the principal coordinates analysis (PCOA) and therefore could be recommended for favorable or rich conditions. Finally, the results of principal coordinates analysis in general confirmed the breeding value of the genotypes, obtained on the basis of the yield stability evaluation.
Isolation of Staphylococcus hominis from Cultured Gilthead Sea Bream (Sparus aurata L.) in Antalya Bay, Turkey
(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2019-03-13) Korun, Jale; Yılmaz, Mesut; Gökoğlu, Mehmet; Çelik, Yağmur; Ziraat Fakültesi
In this study, a disease case caused with 15% mortality on gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) which was cultured in the Antalya Bay in the Mediterranean coast of Turkey was investigated in July 2015. Lethargy, loss of equilibrium, petechae on the operculums and the dorsal part of the body, pillar of the gills were recorded in the diseased fish. Internally, ascites, splenomegaly and hemorrhages on the intestinal tissue and muscle were observed. Occurrence of parasite was not detected. According to the results of phenotypical test and 16S rDNA sequencing analysis, the isolated bacterial species was identified as Staphylococcus hominis. Histopathologically, hyperplasia of primary lamellae, lamellar telangiectasia, edema and hemorrhages on the gill arch, numerous melanomacrophage centers (MMCs) in the spleen tissue, vacuoler degeneration, necrose and hemorrhages in the liver, multifocal necrosis, and numerous MMC in the kidney were determined and hemorrhages in the tunica propria region of the intestine were observed. It was determined that he isolates showed different susceptibility against antimicrobial agents.
Identification of Hordeum spontaneum Genotypes Resistant to Net Blotch Disease
(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2019-03-13) Oğuz, Arzu Çelik; Karakaya, Aziz; Duran, Rukiye Murat; Özbek, Kürşat; Ziraat Fakültesi
Wild barley (Hordeum spontaneum) is a progenitor of cultivated barley and naturally grows in Turkey. H. spontaneum genotypes possess superior characteristics for biotic and abiotic stress tolerance factors. In this study, 3 virulent Pyrenophora teres f. maculata and 3 virulent P. teres f. teres isolates were tested under greenhouse conditions in order to find net blotch resistant H. spontaneum genotypes. A total of 104 H. spontaneum genotypes were used. Twenty-six H. spontaneum genotypes which corresponded to 25% of the genotypes (genotypes numbered 8, 13, 14, 16, 22, 24, 27, 31, 37, 44, 47, 54, 58, 62, 65, 66, 69, 74, 78, 81, 89, 94, 99, 102, 104 and 107) exhibited reactions classified in the resistant group to 3 virulent P. teres f. maculata isolates. Eight H. spontaneum genotypes which corresponded to 7.6% of the genotypes (genotypes numbered 24, 27, 29, 33, 44, 54, 89 and 94) exhibited reactions classified in the resistant group to 3 virulent P. teres f. teres isolates. Six H. spontaneum genotypes which corresponded to 5.7% of the genotypes (genotypes numbered 24, 27, 44, 54, 89 and 94) exhibited reactions in the resistant group to both 6 virulent P. teres f. teres and P. teres f. maculata isolates. In addition, a considerable number of genotypes exhibited resistant group reactions to one or two isolates of both forms of the pathogen. These genotypes could be used for developing net blotch resistant barley cultivars.
Genetic Effects Assessment through Line × Tester Combining Ability for Development of Promising Hybrids Based on Quantitative Traits in Gossypium hirsutum L.
(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2019-03-13) MAKHDOOM, Khadijah; KHAN, Naqib Ullah; KHAN, Shahid Ullah; Ziraat Fakültesi
Line × Tester combining ability analysis involving five lines (cultivars i.e., CIM-446, CIM-473, CIM-506, CIM-554 and SLH-284) and three testers (cultivars viz., CIM-496, CIM-499 and CIM-707) was carried out during 2015 and 2016 to determine the inheritance for earliness, yield and lint traits in upland cotton. Genotypes revealed significant (P≤0.01) variations for all the traits. On average, F1 hybrids showed the significant increase over parental means for yield traits. Mean squares due to general (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) were highly significant, which suggested that additive and non-additive gene actions were involved in controlling all the characters. However, the preponderance of non-additive type of gene action observed for majority of the traits. Lines (SLH-284, CIM-473) and pollinators (CIM-707, CIM-496) were leading general combiners for majority of the traits. F1 hybrids (CIM-473 × CIM-496, SLH-284 × CIM-707 and CIM446 × CIM-496) which involve best general combiners, showed the leading performance for yield and lint traits. Heritability was moderate to high with appreciable genetic gain for majority of the traits. Except for lint %, the correlation of seed cotton yield was positive with other traits. The significance of additive and non-additive components suggested integrated breeding strategies with delayed selection for development of cotton hybrids with improvement in earliness and seed cotton yield.
In Vitro Indirect Somatic Embryogenesis and Secondary Metabolites Production in the Saffron: Emphasis on Ultrasound and Plant Growth Regulators
(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2019-03-13) FİROOZİ, Behnam; ZARE, Nasser; SOFALİAN, Omid; SHEİKHZADE-MOSADEGH, Parisa; Ziraat Fakültesi
In the present study, the effects of ultrasound and plant growth regulators on in vitro callogenesis and secondary metabolites production in saffron calli were investigated. Accordingly, the saffron corms surface sterilized, sonicated and cultured on different concentrations of plant growth regulators (0.5, 1, 2 and 4 mg L-1 2,4-D or NAA in combination with 0.5 and 1 mg L-1 Kin or BAP). The percentage of callus induction, callus yield (fresh weight) and embryogenic callus formation were recorded and secondary metabolites of calli were measured by UV/VIS spectrophotometer three months after culture. The results indicated that sonication of the saffron corm explants significantly increased the in vitro callus induction and growth. So, the highest callus induction (100%) and yield (4.68 g) was achieved with sonicated explants cultured on MS medium supplemented with 2 mg L-1 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 0.5 mg L-1 kinetin (Kin). Somatic embryogenesis was significantly influenced by plant growth regulator regimes and the MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg L-1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) plus 0.5 mg L-1 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 0.5 mg L-1 NAA plus 0.5 mg L-1 Kin exhibited the highest percentage (75 and 72, respectively) of somatic embryogenesis. Secondary metabolite content of the callus cells was significantly different among the plant growth regulator regimes and the highest production of picrocrocin and safranal were occurred on the medium containing 0.5 mg L-1 2,4-D plus 0.5 mg L-1 BAP and 1 mg L-1 NAA plus 1 mg L-1 BAP.
Seedling Response of Iranian Barley Landraces to Pyrenophora teres f. teres and Pyrenophora teres f. maculata
(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2019-03-13) Oğuz, Arzu Çelik; Rahimi, Amir; Karakaya, Aziz; Ziraat Fakültesi
Net blotch caused by Pyrenophora teres is an important pathogen of barley plants worldwide. There are two biotypes of the fungus. Pyrenophora teres f. teres (Ptt) causes the net form of the disease and Pyrenophora teres f. maculata (Ptm) causes the spot form of the disease. Barley landraces are good sources of disease resistance. In this study, seedling response of 25 barley landraces obtained from different regions of northwest Iran to 3 single spore isolates of Ptt and 3 single spore isolates of Ptm were determined under greenhouse conditions. Differences in virulence among the isolates were evident. Some landraces showed different responses to different isolates. Landraces # 9 and # 16 showed moderately resistant reactions to one isolate of Ptt and showed moderately resistant-moderately susceptible reactions to 2 isolates of Ptt. Landraces # 7, # 11, # 15, # 17, # 21, # 22, # 23 and # 25 showed moderately resistant-moderately susceptible reactions to all 3 isolates of Ptt. Landrace # 23 showed resistant-moderately resistant reaction to one isolate of Ptm and showed moderately resistant reactions to 2 isolates of Ptm. Landrace # 16 showed moderately resistant reactions to all isolates of Ptm. Landraces # 11, # 15, # 21 and # 25 showed moderately resistant reaction to one isolate of Ptm and showed moderately resistant-moderately susceptible reactions to 2 isolates of Ptm. Landraces that exhibited reactions between resistant and moderately resistant-moderately susceptible range could be used as a direct seeding material to the field or could be used as breeding materials.
Comparison of Physicochemical Attributes of Einkorn Wheat (Triticum monococcum) and Durum Wheat (Triticum durum) and Evaluation of Morphological Properties Using Scanning Electron Microscopy and Image Analysis
(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2019-03-13) Ertop, Müge Hendek; Atasoy, Rabia; Ziraat Fakültesi
Einkorn (Triticum monococcum L. subsp. monococcum) is a diploid hulled wheat strictly related to durum and bread wheat types. Many farms in northern Turkey, especially the province of Kastamonu, continue to cultivate the oldest type of wheat still in existence, Triticum monococcum, also known as Siyez. Although there is great potential for breeding, it’s production and consumption has been locally limited and cultivation quantity has been very low. However nowadays, today’s consumer demands to traditional or regional food products and grains have been increased einkorn cultivation in Kastamonu, and cultivation area has been reached to approximately from 5 thousand decares to 35 thousand decares. Einkorn is cultivated two times a year in Kastamonu. The variety which is named as “Çatal Siyez” (Kaplica) composed 60-70% of the production of einkorn, is sowed in April and used as animal feed after harvest. Another type which is “Tek Siyez” variety sowed in October is processed to produce einkorn flour and bulgur. In this study, some physicochemical attributes of Einkorn (Triticum monococcum) and Durum Wheat (Triticum durum) were compared and their morphological properties were evaluated by using scanning electron microscopy and image analysis. The scanning electron microscopy micrographs shown that Einkorn had opaque but durum wheat had a vitreous appearance. In addition, the starch granules could be easily separated visually in Einkorn texture. In durum wheat, the protein bonds were more compact and the diameter of starch granules located in protein matrix lower than ones of Einkorn. Moreover, it was determined that visually the caryopsis layers of Einkorn were thinner than ones of the durum wheat. The kernel weight (g 1000 pieces-1) of Einkorn was found lower (27.94 g) than durum wheat (54.6 g). Also, water absorption was 51.8% of Einkorn and 65.3% of durum wheat. The ash, protein, fat content and antioxidant activity of Einkorn sample were determined higher than durum wheat. Mineral content of the samples was analyzed, and Einkorn contained higher amount of trace and major elements especially in terms of Zn, Fe and Al. The results show that many foods will able to fortified by einkorn or einkorn products such as semolina, flour, germ or bulgur as a solution of micronutrient malnutrition problem, and to meet todays consumers demand which are cleanlabel and additive-free food. Moreover, einkorn is a promising candidate for the development of new or special foods such as bakery products, baby food or products with high content of dietary fiber, protein, minerals, carotenoids and tocols.
Production of Double Haploid Plants Using In Vivo Haploid Techniques in Corn
(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2019-03-13) Turgut, İlhan; Zararsız, Duran; Yanıkoğlu, Semra; Ziraat Fakültesi
This research was conducted at the breeding station of the Turkish breeding company Agromar A.Ş in the city of Bursa in Turkey during the 2013 and 2014 growing seasons. Used from within the same heterotic group crossings, 7 donor materials were obtained during the 2012 winter season in the greenhouse. The inducer line RWK-76xRWS, provided by University of Hohenheim, Germany, was used for generating haploid seeds. The donor and inducer crossing was performed during the 2013 summer season. The haploid selection and chromosome doubling were performed during the 2014 summer season. Seven donors were used for haploid induction which name are DNR1, DNR2, DNR3, DNR4, DNR5, DNR6, DNR7 respectively, from each donor different amount of ear crosses were performed (DNR1:16 ears, DNR2:10 ears, DNR3:10 ears, DNR4:12 ears, DNR5:11 ears, DNR6:13 ears, DNR7:11 ears). According to the present study, the average induction rate found ranged from 7.1 to 12.8%, and the average seedling survival rate in the greenhouse after colchicine application ranged from 57.9 to 77.6%. After transplanting to the field, 78.3-92.6% of these plants survived. As a result of this research, the chromosome doubling rate ranged from 22.5 to 48.3% depending on the donor material. These result indicates that maternal haploid selection visually is easy. Haploid induction rate (HIR) changes from donor to donor, its mean genotype and environment is effective for HIR. Average chromosome doubling rate is lower than other researchers’ results, it is also effected by genotype and chromosome doubling methods. Zea mays; Haploid line; Double haploid line; In vivo induction
Effect of Infrared, Ultraviolet-C Radiations and Vacuum Drying on Certain Chemical and Microbial Characteristics of Stuffed Pasta (Manti)
(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2019-03-13) Gökmen, Suleyman; Kocabaş, Aytaç; Savran, İbrahim; Sayaslan, Abdulvahit; Aydın, Mehmet Fatih; Yetim, Hasan; Ziraat Fakültesi
Stuffed pasta (manti) is one of the famous and nutritious traditional foods produced and consumed in Turkey. Traditional foods are special products having some cultural aspects of specific regions of countries. In addition to home-made traditional production, industrial production of manti has increased in recent years. Industrial production of manti using various techniques is likely to result in some risks or modifications in terms of its sensory and microbiological features. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine quality properties of manti samples produced by sole or combined applications of infrared (IR) and ultraviolet-C (UV-C) radiations and vacuum drying as compared to the traditional oven drying method. With this aim, some food-borne pathogens (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhimurium and Listeria monocytogenes) were inoculated into the manti recipe prior to the production. Afterwards, the samples were dried with 17 different IR, UV-C and vacuum drying combinations, including the traditional oven drying method. In addition to the, total microorganisms and food-borne pathogens, some chemical analyses like Thiobarbituric acid (TBA) measurement as an indicator of lipid oxidation was also studied. In the results, application of 500 W IR drying method produced satisfactory results in terms of microbiological quality. Again, a bar-type IR drying method at constant temperature (150 ºC) seems to be a promising drying method for the industrial manti production. In conclusion, it might be suggested that IR drying method can be an alternative to the conventional method in industrial manti production.
Introducing Different Cherry Cultivars to Inner and Crossover Areas
(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2019-03-13) Sarısu, Hasan; Karamürsel, Ömer Faruk; Öztürk, Fatma Pınar; Ziraat Fakültesi
This study was carried out to evaluate quality, yield and phenology of some sweet cherry cultivars with different maturation periods in Isparta-Egirdir conditions. The study was carried out between 2000 and 2011, on Veysel, Précoce Bernard, Star, Venus, Mechlain Haimer, Summit, Techlovan, Fercer Arcina, Sylvia, Noire de Meched, Oktavia, Belge, 0900 Ziraat, Kordia, and Ferbolus. Venus, Bernard, Techlovan and Star cultivars were identified as the earliest blooming. Oktavia, Belge, Kordia and 0900 Ziraat cultivars were found to be the latest blooming cultivars. Generally; Veysel, Bernard and Star come to harvest maturity first. Venus, Mechlain Haimer, Summit, Techlovan, Fercer Arcina, Sylvia were found to be middle season cultivars, while N. De Meched, Oktavia, Belge, 0900 Ziraat, Kordia and Ferbolus were found to be the latest. Veysel early cherry cultivar were determined to be the most productive one, while late cultivar N. De Meched and mid-season cultivar Techlovan were also found to be very efficient. In terms of fruit sizes; early sweet cherry cultivar P. Bernard, mid-season cultivar Summit and late season cultivar 0900 Ziraat gave the biggest fruits.
Anatomical Analysis of Graft Compatibility in Some Almond ScionRootstock Combination
(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2019-03-19) Özdemir, Başak; Yılmaz, Ajlan; Okay, Yeşim; Büyükkartal, Hatice Nurhan; Ziraat Fakültesi
In this study, graft compatibility between almond cultivar Lauranne and almond seedling and Rootpac R, Rootpac 90, Rootpac 70 and Rootpac 40 clonal rootstocks was anatomically investigated. The anatomical analysis of scion/ rootstock combinations was performed by taking cross sections for 30 days and 12 months after T-budding in June, 2017. It was determined that, 30 days after grafting, the callus cells developed but cambial continuity has not occurred between the rootstock and scion tissues in all scion/rootstock combinations. 12 months after grafting, cambial relation was established, vascular differentiation was observed, regular parenchymatic tissue properties and scleroid (petrosal cell) cells and sclerenchyma bundles were seen in the graft union. There was no problem in terms of rootstock- scion compatibility in Lauranne almond cultivar which was grafted on almond seedling and some Rootpac clonal rootstocks.

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