Cilt:24 Sayı:03 (2018)

Permanent URI for this collection

https://dspace.ankara.edu.tr/handle/20.500.12575/74900

Browse

Now showing 1 - 15 of 15

A Prototype Downdraft Gasifier Design with Mechanical Stirrer for Rice Straw Gasification and Comparative Performance Evaluation for Two Different Airflow Paths
(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2018-09-05) Dalmış, İbrahim Savaş; Kayişoğlu, Birol; Tuğ, Serkan; Aktaş, Türkan; Durgut, Mehmet Recai; Durgut, Figen Daşçı; Ziraat Fakültesi
In this research, a prototype downdraft throatless gasifier was designed with a mechanical stirrer. The gasifier was designed for gasification of rice straw pellets. The diameter of the reactor was 350 mm and a nominal value for the heat power of biomass input was 70 kW. Rice straws which were collected from Thrace Region of Turkey gasified for determination of the designed gasifier performance in Namik Kemal University Biosystem Engineering Laboratories. The effects of airflow path and stirring process on the gasification efficiency during the gasification process were investigated. Temperatures and airflow rates observed and adjusted by controlling the air flow rate in the automation system constantly. Pellets were gasified using two different airflow paths with the same equivalence ratio of 0.2 and these were compared. Air inlet from the top showed better results than air inlet from tuyeres. For the air inlet from the top, the higher heating value of producer gas was determined as 5.047 MJ Nm-3 and cold gas efficiency was calculated as 65.4%. H2/CO ratio was found as 1.385 which was higher than the air inlet from tuyeres.
Combined Effects of MAP and Postharvest Salicylic Acid Treatment on Quality Attributes of Dill (Anethum graveolens L.) Bunches during Storage
(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2018-09-05) Koyuncu, Mehmet Ali; Güneyli, Atakan; Erbaş, Derya; Onursal, Cemile Ebru; Seçmen, Tuba; Ziraat Fakültesi
The effects of combinations of modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) with salicylic acid (SA) treatment on storage and shelf life quality of dill (Anethum graveolens L. cv. Asder) leaves were investigated. After harvest, dill leaves were dipped into an aqueous solution containing different concentrations of salicylic acid (1, 2 and 4 mM) for 2 minutes. The control group was immersed in distilled water only for 2 minutes. Treated samples were dried with blotting paper and placed in modified atmosphere package and stored at 0 ºC and 90±5% relative humidity (RH) conditions for 25 days. After cold storage, dill leaves were kept at 10 ºC and 55-60% RH for 2 days to simulate commercial practice (shelf life), and analyzed for same quality parameters performed during cold storage. Weight loss, color, respiration rate, gas composition in package, soluble solids content (SSC) and ascorbic acid content were determined initially and at 5 dayintervals. The dill bunches were also evaluated for visual quality during storage period. According to the results, SA treatment allowed dill leaves to stay green longer than those of control group. 1 mM concentration of SA was the best treatment for prolonging the storage life of dill leaves with keeping the quality.
Convective Drying Kinetics and Quality Parameters of European Cranberrybush
(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2018-09-05) Taşkın, Onur; İzli, Gökçen; İzli, Nazmi; Ziraat Fakültesi
In this research, the effects of convective drying (60, 70, 80 and 90 °C) techniques on the drying kinetics, color, antioxidant capacity and total phenolic content of European cranberrybush were investigated in detail. To choose the best thin-layer drying models for the drying treatments, 10 mathematical models were compared for the experimental data. Depending on the evaluation by statistical tests, the Midilli et al model was determined to be the best suitable model to explain the drying behavior of European cranberrybush samples. All of the colorimetric parameters were influenced by drying temperatures. Antioxidant capacity and total phenolic content values of European cranberrybush samples displayed a significant reduction at low-temperature levels (60 and 70 °C) with regard to those at high-temperature levels (80 and 90 °C). In addition, the correlation analysis between antioxidant capacity and total phenolic content exhibited a high degree of correlation (R2= 0.8656).
Design of a Nozzle-Height Control System Using a Permanent Magnet Tubular Linear Synchronous Motor
(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2018-09-05) Ilıca, Ahmet; Boz, Ali Fuat; Ziraat Fakültesi
In agricultural spraying, keeping the spray at the correct height reduces pesticide drift and provides uniformly distributed pesticide accumulation on the target plant. In this study, an agricultural nozzle-height control test system was developed using a permanent magnet tubular linear synchronous motor (PMTLSM) that can adjust the height between the spraying nozzle and the plant. The developed system was experimentally tested in the laboratory environment and under field conditions. According to the experimental results, the nozzle height coefficient of variation (CV) value decreased from 16.77% to 5.17%, while the uniformity of distribution in the forward direction increased from 56.57% to 86.11% at 12 km h-1 under field conditions. Under test conditions it was found that the developed system keeps the distance between differently sized plants and the nozzle at the set point with minimum error.
Drainage Water Salt Load Variations Related to the Salinity and Leaching Ratios of Irrigation Water
(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2018-09-05) Yurtseven, Engin; Öztürk, Ahmet; Çolak, Müslime Sevda; Öztürk, Hasan Sabri; Ziraat Fakültesi
Solubility of salts and leaching fractions have different effects on drainage water quality. Knowing the quality of drainage water is extremely important in terms of environmental factors and quality of water resources for the reason that this water is transferred to various sources. In this study, were studied the changes of drainage water salinity and salt load under lyzimeter (soil columns) conditions using different irrigation water salinity and with different leaching fractions. The study was carried out with sunflower in PVC soil columns with 40 cm diameter and 115 cm length with 3 different irrigations and 5 irrigation waters with different salinity level. The three irrigation treatments were 75%, 115% and 135% of the required irrigation water. The irrigation water salinities were 0.25 dS m-1 as control treatment, 1.5 and 3.0 dS m-1 with NaCl+CaCl2 salts and 1.5 and 3.0 dS m-1 with NaCl+CaSO4 salts as saline treatments. In this study investigated drainage water quality variations and salt load with irrigation water and some individual ions load and their leaching by drainage water as well. Drainage water salinities variated with both irrigation water salinity and leaching fractions. It was higher under the effect of soluble salts and with the 15% leaching fraction. However, salt load was higher at 35% leaching fractions level. When discuss the individual ions; while Cl-, (CO3-2+HCO3-) and Ca+2 were accumulated in the soil profile, SO4-2, Na+ ve Mg+2 were leaced from the profile, and all these ions variated by interaction for irrigation waters, and by leaching fractions for the drainage water.
Effect of Purpureocillium lilacinum on Root Lesion Nematode, Pratylenchus thornei
(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2018-09-05) Kepenekçi, İlker; Toktay, Halil; Oksal, Elçin; Buzboğa, Refik; İmren, Mustafa; Ziraat Fakültesi
Wheat (Triticum spp.) is highly susceptible to the root lesion nematode, Pratylenchus thornei, which causes excessive amounts of crop losses each year. In this research, we investigated the cumulative effect of the biocontrol agent Purpureocillium lilacinum (syn: Paecilomyces lilacinus) against P. thornei. Three doses of P. lilacinum (106, 107 and 108 conidia cultures mL-1) with one dose of 400 P. thornei individuals (adults and juveniles) mL-1 were applied in 100 cm3 soil under greenhouse conditions. The number of nematodes in the soil and root in addition to total nematode in soil+root were determined. Moreover, different plant parameters such as the plant height, plant fresh and dry weight, root fresh and dry weight were evaluated. Applications with the higher dose of bio-agents (100 cm3 P. thornei infested soil with 108 conidia culture of P. lilacinum mL-1) exhibited maximal enhancement in dry and fresh weight of shoot and reduced P. thornei population. As a consequence, P. lilacinum individually was highly effective in enhancing different plant parameters and suppressing P. thornei reproduction. Overall, present findings suggest that the exploitation of the biocontrol agent P. lilacinum could be helpful for effective management of the root lesion nematode P. thornei.
Effects of Chiral 3-Dichloroacetyl Oxazolidine on Glutathione S-Transferase and Antioxidant Enzymes Activity in Maize Treated with Acetochlor
(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2018-09-05) YE, Fei; CAO, Hai-feng; Ziraat Fakültesi
The objective of this paper was to investigate the protective effect of three potential herbicide safeners (3-dichloroacetyl oxazolidine and its two optical isomers) on detoxifying to chloroacetanilide herbicide acetochlor in maize. In this study, physiological and biochemical tests were conducted under laboratory condition in 2015. All safeners increased the expression levels of herbicide detoxifying enzymes, including glutathione S-transferases (GST), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) to reduce chloroacetanilide herbicide phytotoxicity in maize seedlings. Our results suggest that the R-isomer of R-29148 can induce glutathione (GSH) expression, GST activity, and affinity for the 1-chloro2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) substrate in maize, which can protect maize from injury by chloroacetanilide herbicide acetochlor. Further information on the chiral safener role in antioxida
Effects of Clinoptilolite on the Digestibility of Nutrients and Relative Organ Weights in Rat Diets
(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2018-09-05) Demirel, Ramazan; Baran, Murat Sedat; Demirel, Dilek Şentürk; Ketani, Aydın; Yokuş, Beran; Dil ve Tarih-Coğrafya Fakültesi
This study was conducted to compare the effects of dietary clinoptilolite on nutrient digestibility and relative organ weights in rats. In this study, 24 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups with 3 replicates, according to a randomized split plots design. In addition to a control group (0% clinoptilolit), 3 levels of clinoptilolite (2%, 4%, and 6%) were used in the diets, and the rats were fed (individually in cages) these diets for 56 days. Statistically significant differences were found among the groups for the digestibility rates of nutrients (P<0.05), except for crude fibre (CF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF). The addition of clinoptilolite in rats’ feeds reduced the digestibility of crude fibre, crude ash (CA), neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF), but increased the digestibility of other nutrients. Slaughter live, organs (liver, kidney, heart, and stomach) and relative organ weights were not affected significantly by the clinoptilolite contents (P>0.05). In conclusion, clinoptilolites can be used in animal feed as natural toxin binders when stored under suitable conditions.
Effects of Cultural Conditions on Exopolysaccharide Production by Bacillus sp. ZBP4
(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2018-09-05) Ergene, Erdi; Avcı, Ayşe; Ziraat Fakültesi
Microbial exopolysaccharides (EPSs) are of great interest for the application in various industries due to their gelling, stabilizing, emulsifying, and antioxidant properties. In the present study, EPS production of 12 Bacillus strains were investigated and the best producer, namely Bacillus sp. ZBP4, was selected for further studies in order to determine the effects of fermentation conditions on the biosynthesis of EPSs. Beet molasses was used as substrate in the experiments. The highest amount of EPS was obtained at 60 g L-1 molasses concentration within 24 h. Optimum temperature and pH were determined as 45 oC and 5.0, respectively. Various carbon sources (glucose, starch, lactose, whey, mannitol, sucrose, beet molasses) have been tested for EPS production and beet molasses was found as the best. Using inorganic nitrogen source (ammonium sulfate) caused a decrease in the production of EPS. Tryptone gave the highest EPS yields amongst the organic nitrogen sources (yeast extract, peptone, tryptone) tested. Considerable increase in EPS production (1071 mg L-1) has been observed when the experiment was conducted under the optimized conditions (using tryptone and 60 g L-1 molasses at pH 5.0 and 45 °C in 24 h) which was 143 mg L-1 before the optimization studies.
Identification of Favourable Testing Locations for Barley Breeding in South Pannonian Plain
(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2018-09-05) MIROSAVLJEVIĆ, Milan; ČANAK, Petar; Ziraat Fakültesi
The aim of this study was to identify desirable, and also non-informative or highly correlated locations using GGE biplot. In this study, ten barley genotypes were tested across five locations for two growing seasons in official state trials performed by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, and Water Management of the Republic of Serbia. In both growing seasons, environment had the highest influence on barley yield, explaining 77.70% in 2010/11 and 86.41% in 2011/12 growing season of the total variation. A significant grain yield variation explained by environmental effects indicated that the environments tested in our study were highly diverse. Together, PC1 and PC2 amounted 86.03% and 66.91% of the genotype and genotype × environment interaction sum of squares, in 2010/11 and 2011/12, respectively. The results indicate that Rimski šančevi was most favorable location and should be used for further multi-location trials while location Sremska Mitrovica was the least informative and it can be excluded from further trials. Excluding one of two similar environments could save resources with minimal risk to lose important information about genotypes performance. According to the results of our study, it can be concluded that GGE biplot is useful method for environment evaluation.
Identification of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) Genotypes Tolerant to Water Stres
(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2018-09-05) Uçak, Ali Beyhan; Ziraat Fakültesi
The present research was carried out to determine water-stress tolerance of linoleic sunflower genotypes (P64LE119, PR63F73, P64LL62) grown under different water stress conditions [no water-stress (I100); mild water-stress (I70); strong water-stress (I35)] in the years 2015 and 2016. Variance analyses revealed significant differences between the genotypes (P<0.01). As the average of two years, the greatest yield was obtained from no water-stress x genotype interaction (I100xP64LE119) with 4094.66 kg ha-1, the lowest yield was obtained from strong water stress x genotype interaction (I35xPR63F73) with 2487.81 kg ha-1. Again as the average of two years, the greatest chlorophyll content was obtained from no water-stress x genotype interaction (I100xP64LE119) with 49.83 spad, the lowest value was obtained from strong water stress x genotype interaction (I35xPR63F73) with 34.39 spad. The greatest crop water stress index was obtained from strong water stress x genotype interaction (I35xPR63F73) with 0.53, the lowest value was obtained from no water-stress x genotype interaction (I100xP64LE119) with 0.21. The P64LE119 genotype with optimum water use efficiency and prominent with crop water stress index and chlorophyll content both in no water-stress and strong water stress treatments was identified as water stress-resistant and the genotype was considered to have reliable characteristics potentially to be used in further water stress-resistance studies.
Induction of Herbicide Detoxifying Enzyme in Maize by Chiral 3-Dichloroacetyl Oxazolidine
(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2018-09-05) ZHAO, Li-xia; WANG, Qing-rui; FU, Ying; Ziraat Fakültesi
Safeners are important tools used to ensure to safe useof herbicide. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the protective effect of four safeners (R-28725, 3-dichloroacetyl oxazolidine and its two optical isomers) and investigate the mechanism of herbicide detoxication by safener. Laboratory studies were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of safeners for protecting maize from the residues of preemergent herbicide fomesafen in Northeast Agricultural University, China. Physiological and biochemical tests were herein conducted under laboratory conditions, by using seed treatment with safeners and soil treatment with fomesafen, respectively. R-28725 provoked high glutathione level, glutathione-Stransferase activity and affinity of glutathione-S-transferase than other safeners, but R-isomer treatment resulted in complete reversal of injury caused by fomesafen.
Populations of Exotic × Locally Adapted Germplasm - A Potent
(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2018-09-05) KHAN, Kramat; KHAN, Naqib Ullah; IQBAL, Muhammad; Ziraat Fakültesi
Experimental indigenous maize hybrids were evaluated in a series of three maize experiments during 2011, 2012 and 2013 to identify superior hybrids for commercial cultivation. Parental inbred lines of these hybrids were obtained from various indigenous populations, including a new improved maize population PSEV-3 which developed by the crossing of a locally adapted variety to an exotic hybrid obtained from CIMMYT and improved through S1 progeny recurrent selection. Two popular commercial hybrids namely, Babar (Public sector hybrid) and one Pioneer hybrid i.e., P-3025 were included as check genotypes. Results revealed that experimental PESV-3 derived hybrids revealed better performance by comparing with three check hybrids for grain yield (11.35 vs. 8.13 t ha-1, 10.67 vs. 9.60 t ha-1, and 11.69 vs. 11.20 t ha-1), thousand grain weight (372 vs. 338 g, 370 vs. 322 g, and 416 vs. 396 g), shelling % (87 vs. 86.2%, 86 vs. 85%, and 87 vs. 90%) and days to flowering (66.3 vs. 73.6 days, 64 vs. 67 days, and 69 vs. 68 days), respectively in three experiments. Three most superior hybrid combinations developed through exotic × locally adapted germplasm were found too much responsive and suggested their further testing through on-farm trials before releasing as commercial hybrids.
Rice Bran or Apple Pomace? Comparative Data Analysis of Astaxanthin Bioproduction
(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2018-09-05) Dursun, Derya; Dalgıç, Ali Coşkun; Ziraat Fakültesi
Modeling and optimization of high value-added astaxanthin pigment bioproduction statistically by Sporidiobolus salmonicolor ATCC 24259 from two substantial wastes, rice bran (RB) and apple pomace (AP) was aimed in this study. The experimental data was obtained at constant inoculum rate (2%) and particle size (0.85 mm) for both wastes by conducting 17 runs, which were generated by Box-Behnken design. 33.41 µg astaxanthin gRB- and 77.31 µg astaxanthin gAP- were produced as the maximum amount at the end of fermentation period, 10 days. Apple pomace was concluded as the optimized waste for the production of astaxanthin based upon the highest yield. Predicted response results of response surface methodology (RSM) and radial basis function-neural network (RBF-NN) were compared in order to evaluate the accuracy of two methodologies on non-linear behavior of the astaxanthin bioproduction. RBF-NN became prominent with its well-suited to apple pomace fermentation system by resulting in quite low 0.8495, root mean square error (RMSE), 0.3349, mean absolute error (MAE), and 0.9985, correlation coefficient (CC) as best measures of a model performance.
The Effects of Hot and Cold Water Treatment on Quality Parameters and Enzymatic Activity in Chestnut
(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2018-09-05) Çetin, Murat; Akbudak, Bülent; Özer, M. Hakan; Ziraat Fakültesi
This study was carried out in order to limit the biochemical and enzymatic changes occurred after harvested in a variety of (Castanea sativa Mill. cv. 'Sarıaşlama') chestnuts to prolong the stored period by reduce the loss of quality. Before samples were stored, hot (46±2 °C, 45 minutes) and cold water (15±2 °C, 8 days) treatments were performed. After the hot and cold water treatments the fruits were stored in normal (NA) and controlled atmosphere (CA). In CA storage the fruits were kept in three different atmosphere combinations: (10% CO2, 2% O2; 15% CO2, 2% O2; 20% CO2, 2% O2). In both storage methods, chestnuts were stored for 5 months in 0±1 °C temperature and 90±5% relative humidity conditions. During the storage, parameters such as weight loss (%), content of relative water (%), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) (units mg-1 protein), soluble solids (°brix), starch (mg mL-1), total sugar (mg mL-1), vitamin C (mg 100 mL-1), macro (potassium, phosphorus, calcium, sodium) and micro (iron, magnesium) elements (mg 100 g-1) were examined in the fruit samples taken. Maximum weight loss was examined in the fruit kept in NA whereas total sugar and starch showed less of a change in CA in this present study. PPO enzymatic activity can successfully control with hot water treatment in 15% CO2, 2% O2 gas combination. When soluble solids was examined, a smaller degree of change was observed in the fruit stored in CA. Promising results were achieved with the fruit that was stored using hot water treatment and 15% CO2, 2% O2 combination in this study, which was conducted on the ‘Sarıaşlama’chestnut.

Browse

Browsing Cilt:24 Sayı:03 (2018) by Title

Results Per Page

Sort Options