Cilt:28 Sayı:02 (2022)

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https://dspace.ankara.edu.tr/handle/20.500.12575/83929

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Multi-Environment Analysis of Grain Yield and Quality Traits in Oat (Avena sativa L.)
(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2022) Erbaş Köşe, Özge Doğanay; Other; Other
Oat is used for food, in animal feeding and non-food products. Twenty-five oat genotypes were evaluated at six different environments to determine high-yielding, good-quality and stable genotypes. Experiments were conducted in randomized blocks design with 4 replications. Grain yield, plant height, test weight, thousand-grain weight, screening percentage, groat percentage, protein, β-glucan and starch contents were evaluated for 25 oat genotypes. Genotype, environment and genotype × environment interaction had extremely important effects on yield and quality of oat grains. The additive main effects and multiplicative interactions analysis disclosed important genotype and environmental effects in addition to genotype by environmental interaction according to grain yield. Using AMMI analysis, three promising oat genotypes (G1, G3 and G7) were defined in comparison to the cultivars and these genotypes had 4.03, 3.77 and 3.70 t ha-1, respectively. AMMI-2 biplot revealed that E6 was the most discriminating environment for grain yield of oat genotypes. Genotype-by-trait (GT) biplot explained 54.9% of total variation. Grain yield were positive associated with all traits except plant height. G1, G3 and G7 genotypes, which showed the best performance and higher stability, also had good quality traits.
Reducing Ammonia Volatilization from Urea Fertilizer Applied in a Waterlogged Tropical Acid Soil via Mixture of Rice Straw and Rice Husk Biochars
(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2022) Selvarajh, Gunavathy; Chng, Huck Ywıh; Other; Other
Nitrogen deficiency frequently occurs in agricultural soil because of ammonia volatilization to the environment, resulting in low urea-N use efficiency by plants. A laboratory incubation experiment was conducted to assess the effect of rice straw and rice husk biochar’s on ammonia volatilization, soil pH, exchangeable ammonium, and available nitrate in comparison to the urea without additives under waterlogged conditions. Application of rice straw and rice husk biochar’s mixture at application rate 5-10 t ha-1 had significantly minimized ammonia volatilization by 30.86% - 38.61% over T1 (175 kg ha-1 urea). T2 (5 t ha-1) and T3 (10 t ha-1) also had significantly increased retention of ammonium by 79% - 95% and nitrate ions by 49% - 51% over control. The treatments amended with biochar had successfully improved soil pH compared to T0 (soil only) and T1. Hence, the findings suggest that urea amended with rice straw and rice husk biochar’s altered the nutrients level in the soil by minimizing ammonia loss to enhance nitrogen availability in waterlogged conditions.
Use of MARS Data Mining Algorithm Based on Training and Test Sets in Determining Carcass Weight of Cattle in Different Breeds
(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2022) Çanga, Demet; Other; Other
This research was carried out with the purpose of estimating hot carcass weight by using parameters such as race, carcass weight and age with Multivariate Adaptive Regression Spline (MARS) algorithm. To achieve this goal, 700 cattle data belonging to the years 2017-2018, which were taken in equal numbers from 7 different breeds, were used. A total of 700 data were used, taking equal numbers of data from each breed. In order to test the accuracy of the model created in the research, the data set was divided into two data subsets as training and test subsets. In order to test the compatibility of these separated subsets with the MARS model, a new package program named “ehaGoF” which estimates 15 goodness of fit criteria was used. According to the analysis results, the MARS model with the smallest SDRATIO (0.157, 0.130) and the highest determination coefficient (R2) (0.975, 0.983) of the training and test sets, respectively, was determined. Looking at the other fit values, it is seen that the training and test set are quite compatible. In terms of hot carcass weight among the breeds, it was determined that the Limousine race performed higher than the other breeds. As a result, the implementation of the MARS algorithm can allow livestock breeders to obtain effective clues by using independent variables such as breed, age, and body weight in estimating hot carcass weight.
Employing Barcode High-Resolution Melting Technique for Authentication of Apricot Cultivars
(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2022) Hürkan, Kaan; Other; Other
Fast, accurate and affordable identification of food products is important to ensure authenticity and safety. There are various apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) cultivars are being produced in Turkey. Each cultivar differs in quality and purpose of use. In this paper, we aimed to develop an easy and reliable method, Barcode High-Resolution Melting (Bar-HRM), to distinguish apricot cultivars. We designed and tested novel Bar-HRM primer sets HRM-ITS1 and HRM-ITS2, targeting the most popular barcoding region ITS1 and ITS2, specific to apricot cultivars. According to the results, HRM analysis distinguished 31 cultivars of 35 for ITS1, and 35 for ITS2. We recommend using ITS2 barcode region, amplified with using HRM-ITS2 primer set, for Bar-HRM analysis of different apricot cultivars.
Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Barley Cultivars Released in Turkey and Bulgaria using iPBS-retrotransposon and SCoT markers
(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2022) Güngör, Hüseyin; İlhan, Emre; Kasapoğlu, Ayşe Gül; Filiz, Ertuğrul; Hossein Pour, Arash; Valchev, Dragomir; Valcheva, Darina; Haliloğlu, Kamil; Dumlupınar, Ziya; Other; Other
To improve quantitative traits, it is essential to acknowledge genetic structure and diversity of the crop plants. In this study, 54 barley cultivars released from 1963 to date by different institutes in both Turkey and Bulgaria were screened with 18 iPBS and four SCoT markers to evaluate population structure and genetic diversity. According to the results, while total polymorphic band numbers was identified as 560, the polymorphic ones were found as 530 (438 and 92 amplified bands for iPBS and SCoT markers, respectively). In addition, the average polymorphic band number was found as 24.09. While the average polymorphism information content (PIC) value was 0.48, the average PIC value was 0.48 for iPBS and 0.48 for SCoT markers. The highest PIC value was determined as 0.50. The highest effective number of alleles, Shannon’s information index, and Nei’s genetic diversity were detected from the iPBS2271 marker at 1.61, 0.52 and 0.35, respectively among the iPBS markers while the highest values were obtained from SCoT-71 marker as 1.55, 0.32 and 0.48, respectively. As a result of a distribution of the 530 amplified bands in 54 barley cultivars, structure analysis showed that the subpopulations in the barley cultivars as a value of k=5. The average expected heterozygosity and fixation indices were identified as 0.234 and 0.322, respectively. Based on DICE similarity index, Martı and Zahir cultivars were found the most similar barley cultivars with 75% genetic similarity, whereas Özdemir and Karatay 94 and Tosunpaşa and Konevi cultivars were found 73% similar. On the other hand, Bayrak and Avcı-2002 were found the most diverse cultivars with 19.9% genetic similarity. As a result, the barley cultivars released in Turkey and Bulgaria were found varying and, the genetic diversity and statistics index analysis indicated that iPBS and SCoT markers are powerful markers to perform genetic diversity analysis.
Inbreeding in Holstein Friesian Cattle Population in Turkey
(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2022) Şen, Ayşe Övgü; Akman, Numan; Zootekni; Ziraat Fakültesi
Inbreeding is generally associated with a reduction in production and profitability. Therefore, it is essential that it be monitored and kept under control. The purpose of this study was to calculate the inbreeding coefficient for Holstein Friesian cattle registered in the database of the Cattle Breeders' Associations of Turkey (CBAT). In this study, pre-herdbook and herdbook databases were combined. The database consisted of 6,935,005 individuals born between 1962 and 2012. Inbreeding coefficients were calculated using Wright's method, and ranging from zero to 43.75% with a mean of 0.0012 and standard deviation (SD) of 0.01273 for all animals, and considering the inbred animals, the mean inbreeding coefficient was 0.0106 and standard deviation was 0.03272. The average inbreeding of all animals born in the population in 2012 was found to be 0.0022. In the population, the proportion and the number of inbred individuals increased over the years, while the mean inbreeding coefficient decreased. This could be due to the fact that gene flow in the population from different countries was considerably high, and pedigree information was taken into account while importing sperm and live animals (both heifers and bulls).
Identification of S-Allele Based Self-incompatibility of Turkish Pear Gene Resources
(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2022) Hazrati, Nahid; Oğuz, Ezgi; Yüksel, Canan; Altıntaş, Serdar; Akçay, Mehmet Emin; Ergül, Ali; Karataş, Merve Dilek; Biyoteknoloji; Biyoteknoloji Enstitüsü
Self-incompatibility is considered to be a growth-limiting factor in fruit plants. In species with hermaphrodite flowers, S-locus (S-allele) has been accepted to control self-incompatibility, and the genetic control of this locus is provided by multiple genes (alleles). Pear (Pyrus communis L.) belongs to the Pomoideae from the Rosaceae family and is found to have great genetic potential in terms of ecological features in Turkey. To protect these cultivation features, national garden collections have been established across the country and Atatürk Horticultural Central Research Institute–Yalova collection is considered as genes bank. Identification of the different features of this collection (fruit quality, stress tolerance, self-incompatibility, grafting incompatibility, etc.) is of great importance for its utilization in pear breeding and cultivation. However, to our knowledge, this collection has not been characterized for self-incompatibility trait. In the current study, PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)-based amplification of the S-allele regions (S1, S6, S7, S8) causing the self-incompatibility in 180 pear genotypes obtained from the national pear germplasm was investigated by molecular biological methods based on the comparison of amplified products. In 180 pear genotypes, the S6 allele was the most prevalent one with 63% frequency, while the S8 allele was the least common allele with a rate of 4%. In allele combinations, the S1-S6 allele combination was the most common allele combination with a rate of 18%, and trilateral allele combinations (S1-S6-S7 and S1-S6-S8) were observed at a rate of 1%. Findings of the current research will enable the classification of the materials and the analysed material is likely to be used in breeding studies as well as pear cultivation.
The Effect of Neutral Electrolyzed Water on the Microbial Population and Quality of Dried Figs (Ficus carica L.) During Storage
(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2022) Yamaner, Çiğdem; Other; Other
Fig is one of economically the most important agricultural products and preserving its quality is of crucial importance. In this study, the efficiency of Neutral Electrolyzed Water (NEW) in the controlling of the microbial load of dried figs was researched. For this reason, it was used three different fig groups. The first group was washed with 10% NEW, the second group was washed with 6% salty water at 50 °C for 1 min, and finally, the third group did not wash as control group. The samples were taken at the beginning of the storage and in monthly periods through 6 months. Initial average amount of mesophilic aerophilic bacteria (MAB) was 3.89 log cfu g-1. This amount was reduced to 0.73 log cfu g-1 after 6 months storage in the group washed with NEW and 2.52 log cfu g-1 in the group washed with salty water. The yeast-mold number was reduced from 3.08 log cfu g-1 to 0.96 log cfu g-1 in the group washed with NEW and 1.9 log cfu g-1 in the group washed with salty water at the end of the 2nd month. It was determined that both applications in comparison with the control group did not cause an important change in physical and chemical parameters such as colour and pH of dried figs. These results show that NEW can be used as a more safe and effective method in reducing the microbial load in comparison with the standard application.
Determination of Proper Turning Frequency to Increase for Hatching Results in Hatching Eggs With Abnormal Shape Index
(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2022) Kamanlı, Serdar; Aygören, Hüseyin; Türker, İsmail; Other; Other
The aim of this study was to determine the optimum turning frequency for increasing the hatchability results in hatching eggs with abnormal shape index. For this purpose, 4050 hatching eggs obtained from 56 weeks old ATAK-S hybrid hens were used. Shape index was divided into 3 groups as 71 and smaller, 72 – 76, 77 and higher. The research was conducted according to a completely randomized factorial experimental design. The hatching eggs were incubated with turning frequency of 30, 60 and 120 minutes. In the present study, fertility rate, hatchability, hatch of fertile, early, middle, late embryonic mortality, discard chick rate, chick quality, malformation and malposition rates were determined. The turning frequency was found to have a significant effect on hatch of fertile eggs and late embryonic mortality. It was found that turning frequency and shape index had no significant effect on the hatching results regarding discarded chicks, early embryonic mortality, malposition, malformation rate, and chick quality. Interaction between egg shape index and turning frequency did not influence hatching traits and chick quality. It was determined that there was no interaction effect between turning frequency and shape index on all the characteristics discussed. According to the results obtained from the research, it was observed that the 30 and 120 minute turning frequency of hatching eggs with different shape indexes had a negative effect on the hatchability of fertile eggs and late embryo mortality. It was concluded that even if the shape index of the hatching eggs were different, the optimum turning frequency should be every 60 minutes.
The Effect of Neutral Electrolyzed Water on the Microbial Population and Quality of Dried Figs (Ficus carica L.) During Storage
(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2021) Yamaner, Çiğdem; Other; Other
Fig is one of economically the most important agricultural products and preserving its quality is of crucial importance. In this study, the efficiency of Neutral Electrolyzed Water (NEW) in the controlling of the microbial load of dried figs was researched. For this reason, it was used three different fig groups. The first group was washed with 10% NEW, the second group was washed with 6% salty water at 50 °C for 1 min, and finally, the third group did not wash as control group. The samples were taken at the beginning of the storage and in monthly periods through 6 months. Initial average amount of mesophilic aerophilic bacteria (MAB) was 3.89 log cfu g-1. This amount was reduced to 0.73 log cfu g-1 after 6 months storage in the group washed with NEW and 2.52 log cfu g-1 in the group washed with salty water. The yeast-mold number was reduced from 3.08 log cfu g-1 to 0.96 log cfu g-1 in the group washed with NEW and 1.9 log cfu g-1 in the group washed with salty water at the end of the 2nd month. It was determined that both applications in comparison with the control group did not cause an important change in physical and chemical parameters such as colour and pH of dried figs. These results show that NEW can be used as a more safe and effective method in reducing the microbial load in comparison with the standard application.
Screening of Wild Strawberry Germplasm for Iron-deficiency Tolerance Under Hydroponic Conditions
(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2022) Torun, Ayfer Alkan; Erdem, Nazife; Serçe, Sedat; Kaçar, Yıldız Aka; Torun, M. Bülent; Other; Other
Cultivated strawberry has been developed from hybridization between Fragaria chiloensis and F. virginiana. The progenitor species exhibit significant genetic diversity. Growth attributes of progenitor species and their responses to several stress factors have been studied. However, iron-deficiency tolerance (FeDT) of different species have merely been tested under hydroponic conditions. This study evaluated FeDT of 23 genotypes belonging to super-seed collection under hydroponic conditions. Two genotypes (one Fe-deficiency tolerant and one sensitive) were selected from screening experiment and their physiological and morphological mechanisms playing role in FeDT were determined. Plant parameters associated with FeDT, i.e., pH of the growth medium, root Fe reductase activity, total and active Fe concentration of shoot were recorded. The Fe-efficiency of strawberry subspecies varied between 51% and 98%. Fe efficiency values also varied among subspecies. AukeLake and RCP37 belonging to F. chiloensis were highly resistant and sensitive to Fe-deficiency, respectively based on Fe efficiency values. A highly significant relationship was observed between Fe concentration and FeDT of the genotypes. Acidification of nutrient solution and root Fe reductase activity were closely related to high shoot iron concentration. Our findings indicated existence of a close relationship between root uptake and root to shoot translocation of Fe, which ultimately contribute greatly to FeDT among tested strawberry genotypes.
Screening of Antibiotic Resistance and Virulence Genes of Enterococcus spp. Strains Isolated from Urfa Cheese
(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2022) Özmen Toğay, Sine; Karayiğit, Şeniz; Other; Other
Enterococcus faecium, E. durans and E. faecalis species were isolated and identified from traditional Urfa cheese samples which were produced from unpasteurized raw milk. The enterococcal load of the cheese samples was between 4.4-5.6 log cfu g−1. High-level tetracycline, streptomycin, erythromycin, gentamycin, and penicillin resistance was determined in the enterococcal isolates. Multiple antibiotic resistance was also determined in E. faecalis (20.4%) and E. faecium (16.3%) strains. 36.7% of the enterococcal isolates were greater than 0.2 MAR index ratio in this study. The gelE and agg2 genes were found in 40 (81.63%) of the enterococcal isolates, whereas the vanB gene was found in 3 (6.12%) of the enterococcal isolates. The results indicate that the consumption of Urfa cheese, which is produced using raw milk, may have public health risk because of its antibiotic resistance characteristics and virulence genes of enterococcal biota
Competition-Productivity Relationship Between Some Common Grasses and Forbs Plant Species in High Altitude Rangelands
(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2022) Koç, Ali; Erkovan, Şule; Other; Other
Facilitation or competition occurs among plant species when one species alter ameliorates the environment for another species or when one species needs the same sources of another species. The objective of this study was to determine to facilitative or competitive effect on Bromus variegatus, Festuca ovina, Koeleria cristata of growing with isolated, Medicago papillosa, Astragalus microcephalus, Thymus parviflorus, and Hypericum scabrum, and arranged in completely randomized design. Plant height, above-and belowground biomass, and above-and belowground Relative Neighbour Effect (RNE) significantly affected main, some first- and second-order interaction depending on the year, grasses species, surrounding. Aboveground biomass increased in grasses, which grow in interaction with legume species, and significant differences were determined between the grass species and years. While average belowground biomass was 26,66 g/plant, the belowground biomass of the grass species grown in interaction with M. papillosa and A. microcephalus was positively affected and it was 31,58 and 34,99 g/plant, respectively. A. microcephalus had a facilitative effect on above ground RNE of the grass species and the other species had a competitive effect. All plant species had a competitive effect on belowground RNE
Determination of Morphological, Pomological and Molecular Variations among Apples in Niğde, Turkey using iPBS Primers
(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2022) Gencer, Orkun; Serçe, Sedat; Other; Other
In addition to morphological and pomological techniques, the molecular analysis produces more information for diversity studies. Recently, the iPBS marker system is one of the techniques and a new marker system for apple studies. In this study, morphological, pomological, and molecular characteristics of local apples were investigated in 48 different samples from 29 different rural areas with varying altitudes between 1125-1726 m in Niğde, Turkey. Fruit size, fruit weight, the color of fruit peel, total soluble solids content, fruit flesh firmness characteristics are important in terms of yield, quality, storage, transportation and attractiveness. According to the pomological results from these traits, CKR2, DMR3, CLL, HCB2, YSL, ULG, ELM1, ICM have been found to superior among genotypes. In order to molecular results, the similarity of the samples varies between 0.61-1.00, under the light of this result, molecular data differentiated all individuals used in the study except one pair. Molecular data displayed that these differences were caused by genotypic differences as well as environmental conditions. This study has contributed further information about the usage of iPBS primers on apple. To protect the plant material used in the study, a collection orchard was established with genotypes. To conclude, the findings are expected to shape future breeding studies.
In Situ and in Vitro Nutritive Value Assessment of Styrax Officinalis L. as an Alternative Forage Source for Goat Feeding
(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2022) Esen, Selim; Koç, Fisun; Özdüven, Levent; Eseceli, Hüseyin; Cabi, Evren; Karadağ, Harun; Other; Türk İnkılap Tarihi Enstitüsü
The current study aimed to determine Styrax officinalis L. (SO) leaf's nutritive value, collected at four phenological stages, pre-flowering (PF), flowering (FL), seed linkage (SL), and fruiting (FR) by in situ and in vitro experiments. The ruminal degradability of dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) and in vitro gas production (GP) of SO leaves were measured using three rumen fistulated mature Saanen goats. Significant differences between chemical compositions of the SO leaves collected at different phenological stages were observed (P<0.001). The DM, CP, ether extract (EE), and ash values of SO leaves ranged between 29.16 to 45.63%, 10.11 to 19.79%, 3.40 to 5.85%, and 4.71 to 6.49% during the different phenological stages (PF, FL, SL and FR, respectively). Cell wall components of SO leaves showed a cubic trend due to their capability to form new shoots after grazing. The effective DM and CP degradability of SO leaves ranged between 66.91 to 77.93% and 64.92 to 84.57%, which means an average value for animals fed at approximately maintenance level when rumen outflow rate (r) is equal to 0.02 h−1. Significant differences between the SO leaves collected at different phenological stages were observed in GP at all incubation times (P<0.05 and P<0.001). After 96 h incubation, the gas produced ranged between 20.68 to 27.53 mL/200 mg DM of the substrate. The research findings clearly indicate that degradability of DM, CP, and ME content of SO leaves ranged between moderate to high and significantly affected by phenological stages, however, they could be utilized until the end of the FL stage as forage sources.
Identification of Rice Varieties Using Machine Learning Algorithms
(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2022) Çınar, İlkay; Koklu, Murat; Other; Other
Rice, which has the highest production and consumption rates worldwide, is among the main nutrients in terms of being economical and nutritious in our country as well. Rice goes through some stages of production from the field to the dinner tables. The cleaning phase is the separation of rice from unwanted materials. During the classification phase, solid ones and broken ones are separated and calibration operations are performed. Finally, in the process of extraction based on color features, the striped and stained ones other than the whiteness on the surface of the rice grain are separated. In this paper, five different varieties of rice belonging to the same trademark were selected to carry out classification operations using morphological, shape and color features. A total of 75,000 rice grain images, including 15,000 for each varieties, were obtained. The images were pre-processed using MATLAB software and prepared for feature extraction. Using a combination of 12 morphological, 4 shape features and 90 color features obtained from five different color spaces, a total of 106 features were extracted from the images. For classification, models were created with algorithms using machine learning techniques of knearest neighbor, decision tree, logistic regression, multilayer perceptron, random forest and support vector machines. With these models, performance measurement values were obtained for feature sets of 12, 16, 90 and 106. Among the models, the success of the algorithms with the highest average classification accuracy was achieved 97.99% with random forest for morphological features. 98.04% were obtained with random forest for morphological and shape features. It was achieved with logistic regression as 99.25% for color features. Finally, 99.91% was obtained with multilayer perceptron for morphological, shape and color features. When the results are examined, it is observed that with the addition of each new feature, the success of classification increases. Based on the performance measurement values obtained, it is possible to say that the study achieved success in classifying rice varieties.
Resistance Response of Drought and Heat Tolerant Spring Wheat Lines against the Cereal Cyst Nematode, Heterodera filipjevi
(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2022) Atıya, Osameh; Dababat, Abdelfattah; Orakçı, Gul Erginbaş; SINGH, Sukhwinder; Toktay, Halil; Other; Other
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is extremely affected by several abiotic and biotic stress factors. Drought and/or heat alongside the parasitism of cereal cyst nematodes of the Heterodera genera can have a combined destructive impact on wheat. Solely, the cereal cyst nematode species Heterodera filipjevi can cause wheat yield losses of up to 50%. Several control measures have been implemented, yet the most economical and convenient control strategy is the use of resistant hosts. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to evaluate the resistant response of 257 spring wheat lines obtained from the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre to Heterodera filipjevi that might contain novel sources of resistance and be added as genetic resources for future breeding programs. Also, provide a base for future research to understand the relationship between nematode resistances and drought and heat tolerance. The results indicated that 11 wheat lines (4%) and 36 wheat lines (14%) were resistant and moderately resistant, respectively. High frequency of susceptible and highly susceptible lines and low frequency of resistant lines within this set was also recorded. The linear regression analysis between the number of cysts formed and the resistance response grouping showed a strong, positive, linear correlation. Log-linear regression analysis showed that there is a weak positive correlation between the yield of heat tolerant wheat lines and their resistance to the cyst nematodes as these lines showed tolerance, while there was a weak negative correlation of formed cyst nematodes on the yield of drought tolerant lines. This study was able to add new genetic sources of resistance to Heterodera filipjevi for upcoming breeding programs
Effect of the Application of Foliar Jasmonic Acid and Drought Stress on Grain Yield and Some Physiological and Biochemical Characteristics of Chenopodium quinoa Cultivars
(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2022) Keshtkar, Azadeh; Aien, Ahmad; Naghavi, Hormozd; Shirzadi, Mohammad Hassan; Other; Other
Water shortage is a critical problem touching plant growth and yield in arid and semi-arid areas such as Iran. Plant hormones such as jasmonic acid (JA) play a crucial role in altering plant morphology in response to stress. To investigate the effect of JA and drought stress on grain yield and some physiological and biochemical characteristics of quinoa cultivars, a split-plot factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted at Kerman Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center over two crop years (2018-2019). In this experiment, drought stress as the main factor in two levels including non-stress and stress based on 60% and 90% soil available moisture depletion and JA foliar application (0, 1 and 2 mg L-1) and cultivars (Giza1, Titicaca, Q29) respectively, as factorial were sub factor. The maximum grain yield (3775 kg ha-1) was obtained in Giza1 cultivar under non-stress condition and 1 mg L-1 JA foliar application. The greatest grain protein and total chlorophyll content were obtained in Titicaca cultivar under non-stress and 1 mg L-1 JA foliar application by 18.17% and 1.83 mg g-1 fresh leaf weight, respectively. In the opposite trend, the maximum amount of malondialdehyde was observed under drought stress and non-use of JA. In general, given the results of this study, it can be stated that JA caused an increase in grain yield in quinoa cultivars by reducing the harmful effects of drought stress and improving plant growth.
Elimination of Plant Pathogenic Bacteria by Solar Ultraviolet Radiation in Hydroponic Systems
(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2022) Farhadi, Rouhollah; Farrokki, Rahman; Youbert, Ghosta; Other; Other
Removing plant pathogens with the sun as a free, available, clean, and sustainable source of energy is interesting. However, there is no data for disinfecting major plant pathogenic bacteria such as Pseudomonas syringae and Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis by solar ultraviolet radiation. To obtain the required time for killing these bacteria at different temperatures, a bacterial suspension of active growing cells (approximately 107 CFU mL-1 ) was prepared and subjected to heat inside a water bath. The minimum required time for killing both of the bacteria was achieved 420, 45, and 15 min at 50, 55, and 60 °C, respectively. To examine the effect of solar ultraviolet radiation, the bacteria suspensions inside a quartz tube were exposed to the sun on a horizontal surface at the constant temperature of 50 °C within the water bath (water depth: 0.1 m). Both of the bacteria were killed after one hour by receiving 95.481 kJ m-2 ultraviolet and 2.79315 MJ m-2 solar radiation doses. The synergy of heat and solar UV could considerably reduce the killing time of the bacteria (7 to 1 hours) at 50 °C. The recommended solar UV dose is 95.481 kJ m-2 for this condition
Effect of Aqueous Methanolic Extract of Pomegranate Peel (Punica granatum) and Veratrum (Veratrum album) on Oxidative Status, Immunity and Digestive Enzyme Activity in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2022) Sönmez, Adem Yavuz; Bilen, Soner; Özdemir, Keriman Yürüten; Alagöz, Kerem; Özçelik, Halil; Other; Other
Aqueous methanolic extracts of pomegranate peel (Punica granatum) and veratrum (Veratrum album) were evaluated for their effects of supplementation in fish diets on oxidative status, digestive enzymes and immunity of rainbow trout fingerlings (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Three different concentrations of pomegranate 250 (P250), 500 (P500) and 1000 (P1000) mg kg-1 and veratrum 250 (V250), 500 (V500) and 1000 (V1000) mg kg-1 were added to the diet and the fish were fed these diets for 60 days over a control diet without any supplementation (P0 and V0, respectively). Immune responses and oxidative status of fish were evaluated every 20 days. Digestive enzyme activity and growth performances were determined at the end of study. We observed that the respiratory burst activity significantly increased (P<0.05) at the end of the study compared to control except in the V500 fish group. Lysozyme was increased on the 20th and 40th day of the study in all experimental groups compared to the control group (P<0.05). Myeloperoxidase activity was observed to increase on the 40th day in veratrum treated groups and significantly decreased (P<0.05) on the 60th day in all groups compared to the control. Haematological responses showed a declining trend in all the groups supplemented with veratrum extract. SOD activity increased in pomegranate groups while no differences were observed on catalase activity. G6PDH activity was observed to decline in the veratrum groups, however, GPx activity significantly increased (P<0.05) in V500 and V100 groups. Lipid peroxidation was determined at the lowest level on the 20th and 40th days of the study in P1000 and V250 fish groups. The study indicated a positive impact of pomegranate peel extract on the immunity of rainbow trout at moderate doses of supplementation.

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